Quantum computing (QC) promises significant advantages on certain hard computational tasks over classical computers. However, current quantum hardware, also known as noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers (NISQ), are still unable to carry out computations faithfully mainly because of the lack of quantum error correction (QEC) capability. A significant amount of theoretical studies have provided various types of QEC codes; one of the notable topological codes is the surface code, and its features, such as the requirement of only nearest-neighboring two-qubit control gates and a large error threshold, make it a leading candidate for scalable quantum computation. Recent developments of machine learning (ML)-based techniques especially the reinforcement learning (RL) methods have been applied to the decoding problem and have already made certain progress. Nevertheless, the device noise pattern may change over time, making trained decoder models ineffective. In this paper, we propose a continual reinforcement learning method to address these decoding challenges. Specifically, we implement double deep Q-learning with probabilistic policy reuse (DDQN-PPR) model to learn surface code decoding strategies for quantum environments with varying noise patterns. Through numerical simulations, we show that the proposed DDQN-PPR model can significantly reduce the computational complexity. Moreover, increasing the number of trained policies can further improve the agent's performance. Our results open a way to build more capable RL agents which can leverage previously gained knowledge to tackle QEC challenges.

Recent developments in quantum computing and machine learning have propelled the interdisciplinary study of quantum machine learning. Sequential modeling is an important task with high scientific and commercial value. Existing VQC or QNN-based methods require significant computational resources to perform the gradient-based optimization of a larger number of quantum circuit parameters. The major drawback is that such quantum gradient calculation requires a large amount of circuit evaluation, posing challenges in current near-term quantum hardware and simulation software. In this work, we approach sequential modeling by applying a reservoir computing (RC) framework to quantum recurrent neural networks (QRNN-RC) that are based on classical RNN, LSTM and GRU. The main idea to this RC approach is that the QRNN with randomly initialized weights is treated as a dynamical system and only the final classical linear layer is trained. Our numerical simulations show that the QRNN-RC can reach results comparable to fully trained QRNN models for several function approximation and time series prediction tasks. Since the QRNN training complexity is significantly reduced, the proposed model trains notably faster. In this work we also compare to corresponding classical RNN-based RC implementations and show that the quantum version learns faster by requiring fewer training epochs in most cases. Our results demonstrate a new possibility to utilize quantum neural network for sequential modeling with greater quantum hardware efficiency, an important design consideration for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers.

近年来，深入学习数据隐私的重要性取得了重大关注。在缺乏金融监管机构的监督时，申请深度学习时可能会遭受数据泄露。然而，金融领域几乎没有相对的研究，我们最好的知识。我们将谷歌提出的两位代表深度学习隐私框架应用于金融交易数据。我们设计了从原始研究中提出的几个不同参数的实验。此外，我们将谷歌和苹果公司的隐私程度推荐给更合理地估计结果。结果表明，DP-SGD比金融交易数据的展开框架更好。隐私和准确性之间的权衡在DP-SGD中低。隐私程度也符合实际情况。因此，我们可以通过精确度获得强大的隐私保障，以避免潜在的经济损失。

Quantum Computing在古典计算机上解决困难的计算任务的显着改进承诺。然而，为实际使用设计量子电路不是琐碎的目标，并且需要专家级知识。为了帮助这一努力，提出了一种基于机器学习的方法来构建量子电路架构。以前的作品已经证明，经典的深度加强学习（DRL）算法可以成功构建量子电路架构而没有编码的物理知识。但是，这些基于DRL的作品不完全在更换设备噪声中的设置，从而需要大量的培训资源来保持RL模型最新。考虑到这一点，我们持续学习，以提高算法的性能。在本文中，我们介绍了深度Q-Learning（PPR-DQL）框架的概率策略重用来解决这个电路设计挑战。通过通过各种噪声模式进行数值模拟，我们证明了具有PPR的RL代理能够找到量子栅极序列，以比从划痕训练的代理更快地生成双量标铃声状态。所提出的框架是一般的，可以应用于其他量子栅极合成或控制问题 - 包括量子器件的自动校准。

对比学习（CL）是自我监督学习（SSL）最成功的范式之一。它以原则上的方式考虑了两个增强的“视图”，同一图像是正面的，将其拉近，所有其他图像都是负面的。但是，在基于CL的技术的令人印象深刻的成功之后，它们的配方通常依赖于重型设置，包括大型样品批次，广泛的培训时代等。因此，我们有动力解决这些问题并建立一个简单，高效但有竞争力的问题对比学习的基线。具体而言，我们从理论和实证研究中鉴定出对广泛使用的Infonce损失的显着负阳性耦合（NPC）效应，从而导致有关批处理大小的不合适的学习效率。通过消除NPC效应，我们提出了脱钩的对比度学习（DCL）损失，该损失从分母中删除了积极的术语，并显着提高了学习效率。 DCL对竞争性表现具有较小的对亚最佳超参数的敏感性，既不需要SIMCLR中的大批量，Moco中的动量编码或大型时代。我们以各种基准来证明，同时表现出对次优的超参数敏感的鲁棒性。值得注意的是，具有DCL的SIMCLR在200个时期内使用批次尺寸256实现68.2％的Imagenet-1K TOP-1精度，在预训练中的表现优于其SIMCLR基线6.4％。此外，DCL可以与SOTA对比度学习方法NNCLR结合使用，以达到72.3％的Imagenet-1k Top-1精度，在400个时期的512批次大小中，这代表了对比学习中的新SOTA。我们认为DCL为将来的对比SSL研究提供了宝贵的基准。

我们研究通过应用具有多个初始化的梯度上升方法来源的估计器的统计特性。我们派生了该估算器的目标的人口数量，并研究了从渐近正常性和自举方法构成的置信区间（CIS）的性质。特别是，我们通过有限数量的随机初始化来分析覆盖范围。我们还通过反转可能性比率测试，得分测试和WALD测试来调查CI，我们表明所得到的CIS可能非常不同。即使MLE是棘手的，我们也提出了一种两个样本测试程序。此外，我们在随机初始化下分析了EM算法的性能，并通过有限数量的初始化导出了CI的覆盖范围。

In this work, we present a novel framework built to simplify 3D asset generation for amateur users. To enable interactive generation, our method supports a variety of input modalities that can be easily provided by a human, including images, text, partially observed shapes and combinations of these, further allowing to adjust the strength of each input. At the core of our approach is an encoder-decoder, compressing 3D shapes into a compact latent representation, upon which a diffusion model is learned. To enable a variety of multi-modal inputs, we employ task-specific encoders with dropout followed by a cross-attention mechanism. Due to its flexibility, our model naturally supports a variety of tasks, outperforming prior works on shape completion, image-based 3D reconstruction, and text-to-3D. Most interestingly, our model can combine all these tasks into one swiss-army-knife tool, enabling the user to perform shape generation using incomplete shapes, images, and textual descriptions at the same time, providing the relative weights for each input and facilitating interactivity. Despite our approach being shape-only, we further show an efficient method to texture the generated shape using large-scale text-to-image models.

Deep learning models can achieve high accuracy when trained on large amounts of labeled data. However, real-world scenarios often involve several challenges: Training data may become available in installments, may originate from multiple different domains, and may not contain labels for training. Certain settings, for instance medical applications, often involve further restrictions that prohibit retention of previously seen data due to privacy regulations. In this work, to address such challenges, we study unsupervised segmentation in continual learning scenarios that involve domain shift. To that end, we introduce GarDA (Generative Appearance Replay for continual Domain Adaptation), a generative-replay based approach that can adapt a segmentation model sequentially to new domains with unlabeled data. In contrast to single-step unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA), continual adaptation to a sequence of domains enables leveraging and consolidation of information from multiple domains. Unlike previous approaches in incremental UDA, our method does not require access to previously seen data, making it applicable in many practical scenarios. We evaluate GarDA on two datasets with different organs and modalities, where it substantially outperforms existing techniques.

The development of social media user stance detection and bot detection methods rely heavily on large-scale and high-quality benchmarks. However, in addition to low annotation quality, existing benchmarks generally have incomplete user relationships, suppressing graph-based account detection research. To address these issues, we propose a Multi-Relational Graph-Based Twitter Account Detection Benchmark (MGTAB), the first standardized graph-based benchmark for account detection. To our knowledge, MGTAB was built based on the largest original data in the field, with over 1.55 million users and 130 million tweets. MGTAB contains 10,199 expert-annotated users and 7 types of relationships, ensuring high-quality annotation and diversified relations. In MGTAB, we extracted the 20 user property features with the greatest information gain and user tweet features as the user features. In addition, we performed a thorough evaluation of MGTAB and other public datasets. Our experiments found that graph-based approaches are generally more effective than feature-based approaches and perform better when introducing multiple relations. By analyzing experiment results, we identify effective approaches for account detection and provide potential future research directions in this field. Our benchmark and standardized evaluation procedures are freely available at: https://github.com/GraphDetec/MGTAB.

As one of the prevalent methods to achieve automation systems, Imitation Learning (IL) presents a promising performance in a wide range of domains. However, despite the considerable improvement in policy performance, the corresponding research on the explainability of IL models is still limited. Inspired by the recent approaches in explainable artificial intelligence methods, we proposed a model-agnostic explaining framework for IL models called R2RISE. R2RISE aims to explain the overall policy performance with respect to the frames in demonstrations. It iteratively retrains the black-box IL model from the randomized masked demonstrations and uses the conventional evaluation outcome environment returns as the coefficient to build an importance map. We also conducted experiments to investigate three major questions concerning frames' importance equality, the effectiveness of the importance map, and connections between importance maps from different IL models. The result shows that R2RISE successfully distinguishes important frames from the demonstrations.